Brazilian officials on Thursday announced a sharp drop in deforestation rates, pushing back on one of the arguments that the Trump administration used last week to justify additional tariffs on the South American country. In May, Amazon deforestation was 61.4% lower than in the same month in 2025, according to officials from the National Institute for Space Research, or INPE, and the Ministry of Environment. Still, nearly 143 square miles of the rainforest were cleared, the AP reports. Deforestation over the same period fell 12% in the Cerrado, a savanna in central Brazil that has long been under pressure from the powerful agribusiness sector.
Environment Minister João Paulo Capobianco said that the figure is the lowest ever recorded for May, and that Brazil is on track to reach its lowest annual levels once the data is consolidated. He said that the month typically sees higher deforestation, because it marks the start of the Amazon's dry season. In the 10 months from August 2025 to May 2026, deforestation in the Amazon already fell by 37.5%, compared with the same previous period.
- On June 2, the Trump administration proposed 25% tariffs on imports from Brazil, saying that the world's 10th-biggest economy engages in trade practices that are "unreasonable" and that "burden or restrict US commerce." The announcement came after an investigation by the Office of the US Trade Representative that accused Brazil of illegal deforestation and unfair tariffs of its own, among other things.
- Critics say it's ironic that the US is citing deforestation as a reason for imposing tariffs, since the US has opposed European measures to combat deforestation, and President Trump has long called climate change a "hoax," Fortune reports. "Don't read too much into it. See, this isn't serious," says trade policy expert Marc Busch at Georgetown University. "It's just your standard kitchen-sink approach: You throw everything at Brazil because Trump is upset with Brazil, and you see what sticks."
- Capobianco said the deforestation figures "debunk the unfair and unfounded accusation by the United States, which cited deforestation to justify imposing tariffs." President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva nodded as he listened to the remarks.
- Lula said the Trump administration lied when they first imposed additional tariffs on Brazil last year, saying that the US had a trade deficit. "And now they raised questions about deforestation. They don't understand the work we are doing to bring deforestation down to zero by 2030. This is not a decision by any COP or by the United Nations. It is a decision of our government," the Brazilian president said, using the acronym for UN climate conferences.
- "It's a matter of justice, of Brazil's contribution to the planet, fulfilling our obligation to avoid deforestation as much as possible. Preventing deforestation benefits Brazil, benefits the Amazon, and benefits the world," he said. Deforestation is the leading driver of Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming.
- After reaching record levels in the 1990s and 2000s, deforestation declined until the 2019-2022 term of then President Jair Bolsonaro , whose government was widely criticized for weakening environmental protections. Under Lula's administration, deforestation has fallen again, reaching its lowest level in a decade last year.
- Despite gains in keeping forest standing, however, many other threats, ranging from climate change to potential legislation on the horizon, are putting the forest at risk. Forest degradation, driven by wildfires, logging, and drought, affects about 40% of the Amazon and has outpaced clear-cutting in recent years. All of this could be exacerbated this year with a strong El Niño, a cyclic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which causes higher temperatures and drier weather in the rainforest, conditions that worsen wildfires.
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